Predominant yeasts in the sourdoughs collected from some parts of Turkey

In the present study, a total of eight sourdough samples were collected from three different bakeries at two different times in Turkey. Also, laboratory-scale sourdough production was conducted by daily back-slopping for 7 days. Microbiological and chemical properties of the sourdoughs were investigated. Yeast species in the sourdoughs were identified by subjecting all presumptive yeast cultures to internal transcribed spacer region amplification of the 5.8S rRNA gene, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis using Hae III, Hha I, and Hinf I endonucleases, and sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rDNA gene. A total of seven profiles were determined according to the restriction fragments. Totally, 148 yeast isolates were identified at the species level (≥400 bp , 99% identity) as Saccharomyces cerevisiae (106), Kazachstania bulderi (11), Pichia fermentans (nine), Pichia membranifaciens (eight), Kazachstania servazzii (seven), Kazachstania unispora (four), and Hanseniaspora valbyensis (three). Although collected sourdoughs were produced without using baker's yeast, S. cerevisiae was the most frequently isolated yeast species. This can be related to the contamination of the bakery environment with commercial baker's yeast during the production of other bakery products. The pH and acidity levels of the collected sourdough samples ranged from 3.71 to 3.96 and 6.78 to 23.93 mL 0.1 N NaOH/10 g dough, respectively. Mean values of the content of maltose + sucrose, glucose, fructose, lactic acid, and acetic acid were 2.43, 1.57, 2.67, 7.30, and 1.40 g/kg, respectively. Due to the artisan and region-dependent handling of the sourdough, different biochemical patterns were observed among the collected samples.     

珠江口盆地惠州凹陷古近系文昌组优质湖相烃源岩生烃动力学

基于两种升温速率下的玻璃管封闭体系烃源岩生烃模拟实验，最大程度排除烃类裂解的影响，揭示了珠江口盆地惠西南地区古近系文昌组半深湖相优质烃源岩的生油与生气的绝对产率及其与成熟度的理论共变模式。通过生烃模拟实验提供的精确产率数据，首次建立了该区文昌组优质烃源岩生成重烃（C₁₄₊）及降解气（C_1-5）的动力学模型参数。利用地质推演的手段重建了半深湖相烃源岩生成重烃-烃气转化率与地层温度的理论协变关系，结合生烃洼陷的埋藏史-热演化史，认为惠州26洼文昌组半深湖相优质烃源岩的生烃演化进程具有“早油晚气”的特点，早期石油快速生成，对应的地质年代跨度介于40～15 Ma，地温范围为95～160 ℃，而晚期主力烃源岩生成大量天然气，对应的地温范围为119～205 ℃，烃源岩现处于生气阶段的末期。     

Numerical evaluation of wind effects on a tall steel building by CFD

A comprehensive numerical study of wind effects on the Commonwealth Advisory Aeronautical Council (CAARC) standard tall building is presented in this paper. The techniques of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), such as Large Eddy Simulation (LES), Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations (RANS) Model etc., were adopted in this study to predict wind loads on and wind flows around the building. The main objective of this study is to explore an effective and reliable approach for evaluation of wind effects on tall buildings by CFD techniques. The computed results were compared with extensive experimental data which were obtained at seven wind tunnels. The reasons to cause the discrepancies of the numerical predictions and experimental results were identified and discussed. It was found through the comparison that the LES with a dynamic subgrid-scale (SGS) model can give satisfactory predictions for mean and dynamic wind loads on the tall building, while the RANS model with modifications can yield encouraging results in most cases and has the advantage of providing rapid solutions. Furthermore, it was observed that typical features of the flow fields around such a surface-mounted bluff body standing in atmospheric boundary layers can be captured numerically. It was found that the velocity profile of the approaching wind flow mainly influences the mean pressure coefficients on the building and the incident turbulence intensity profile has a significant effect on the fluctuating wind forces. Therefore, it is necessary to correctly simulate both the incident wind velocity profile and turbulence intensity profile in CFD computations to accurately predict wind effects on tall buildings. The recommended CFD techniques and associated numerical treatments provide an effective way for designers to assess wind effects on a tall building and the need for a detailed wind tunnel test.     

Preparation and evaluation of Baicalin-loaded cationic solid lipid nanoparticles conjugated with OX26 for improved delivery across the BBB

Purpose: A novel brain targeting drug delivery system based on OX26 antibody conjugation on PEGylated cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (OX26-PEG-CSLN) was prepared.

Methods: The Baicalin-loaded PEGylated cationic solid lipid nanoparticles modified by OX26 antibody (OX26-PEG-CSLN) were prepared by emulsion evaporation–solidification at low temperature method. The immune-gold labeled OX26-PEG-CSLN was visualized by transmission electron microscopy. The mean diameter and zeta potential of OX26-PEG-CSLN, PEG-CSLN and CSLN were determined using a Zetasizer. The entrapment efficiency of OX26-PEG-CSLN, PEG-CSLN and CSLN was determined by ultrafiltration centrifugation method. And the solid-state characterization of OX26-PEG-CSLN and CSLN were analyzed by X-ray. Pharmacokinetics studies were conducted by in vivo microdialysis in rat cerebrospinal fluid.

Results: The results showed that the OX26-PEG-CSLN, PEG-CSLN and CSLN had average diameters of 47.68?±?1.65, 27.20?±?1.70 and 33.89?±?5.74?nm, Zeta potentials of ?0.533?±?0.115?mV, 11.200?±?0.500?mV and 11.080?±?1.170?mV and entrapment efficiencies of 83.03?±?0.01%, 92.90?±?3.50% and 97.83?±?0.19%, respectively. In the pharmacokinetics studies, the AUC value of OX26-PEG-CSLN was11.08-fold higher than that of the Baicalin solution (SOL) (p?p?>?0.05); the C_max value of OX26-PEG-CSLN was 7.88-fold higher than that of SOL (p?p?Conclusion: These results demonstrated OX26-PEG-CSLN could be a promising carrier to deliver drugs across the BBB for the treatment of brain diseases.     

淬火工艺对Cr26高铬耐磨铸铁组织与硬度的影响

利用光学显微镜、洛氏硬度计等研究了不同淬火工艺对Cr26高铬耐磨铸铁组织与硬度的影响。结果表明:铸态Cr26高铬铸铁组织主要由初生奥氏体和碳化物组成。经980~1060 ℃不同温度淬火、空冷后,高铬铸铁组织中有大量二次碳化物析出。随着淬火温度的升高,析出的二次碳化物先增加后减少,试样硬度先升高后降低。1020 ℃淬火试样硬度达到峰值,为65.7 HRC。1020 ℃淬火高铬铸铁,经空淬、油淬和水淬不同方式冷却,随着冷却速度的增大,高铬铸铁组织中碳化物颗粒、碳化物比例逐渐增大,硬度逐渐增大,其中水淬高铬铸铁试样硬度最大,达到68.2 HRC。     

不同环境中胞外多糖产生菌的初步研究

从不同的环境中采集样品,采用LB平板稀释法和苯胺蓝法分析样品中胞外多糖产生菌的丰度并分离胞外多糖产生菌;以发酵产糖量分析进行复筛,对产糖量较高的菌株进行常规生理生化分析和16SrDNA序列分析.结果表明:不同环境中胞外多糖产生菌的数量和类别有较大差异,其中活性污泥中胞外多糖产生菌数量最多;复筛得到89个菌株,选择其中8个产糖量较高的菌株进行生理生化实验和16SrDNA序列分析,结果显示:4个菌株属于芽孢杆菌属,另外4个可能属于新的细菌菌株.     

基于校园一卡通的门禁系统设计

针对为排查外来人员,方便本单位人员进出大门的需求,提出了一种基于校园一卡通的门禁系统设计方案,该系统以STC89C52RC单片机为核心,设计相关外围电路,实现对读卡器读取的一卡通卡号信息进行身份识别和验证,从而控制电子锁的开启。其中,读卡器与单片机之间的通信采用Wiegand26协议,对电子锁的控制采用三级管驱动继电器...     

Decomposing regional business change at plant level in Italy: A novel spatial shift‐share approach

In this paper, spatial shift‐share decomposition is analysed when applied to Italian data on regional business change at plant level, over the period 2004–2009. A new type of spatial decomposition, which looks more effectively at neighbourhood influence, is introduced here. Notable results emerge from the empirical investigation. First, it can be seen that the spatial level of aggregation greatly affects results. Second, evidence of neighbourhood advantage in the Southern NUTS 3 regions is found, together with opposite results for the Central‐Northern NUTS 3 regions. Finally, evidence of positive industrial mix effects is only found in Central‐Northern Italy.     

Self‐employment and local economic performance: Evidence from US counties*

This study explores the relationship between self‐employment and income growth, employment growth, and change in poverty in metro and non‐metro areas in the United States using county‐level panel data. We investigate the impact of the relative size of the self‐employment sector measured by the share of non‐farm proprietorships (NFPs) in total full and part‐time employment on three key economic performance indicators. We first estimate an income growth model to analyse the effects of self‐employment on income growth. Then we investigate the independent effects of self‐employment on employment growth and changes in family poverty rates. Our results indicate that higher self‐employment rates are associated with statistically significant increases over time in income and employment growth, and reductions in poverty rates in non‐metro counties. We find similar effects on metro county income and employment, but not on poverty dynamics.     

土壤中高产植酸酶芽孢杆菌菌株的筛选及鉴定

目的:从土壤中筛选高产植酸酶的芽孢杆菌菌株并作鉴定。方法:利用植酸酶能够水解植酸钙产生水解圈的特点,将样品处理后涂布于含有植酸钙的琼脂平板上,37℃培养3～4 d;挑取产生较大水解圈的菌落,再次划线分离,得单菌落,测定各菌株产植酸酶的活力;选取植酸酶活力最高的菌株,结合菌落形态、生理生化特征和分子生物学方法对其进行鉴定。结果:筛选到1株高产植酸酶的菌株,命名为ZJ0902,其酶活可达8 251U/mL。通过鉴定,该菌株为芽孢杆菌属中的Bacillus nealsonii。结论:该菌株的获得为植酸酶的产业化应用奠定了良好的基础。